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A suspension bridge seen from deep inside the Rhumel gorge
History · سيرتا

Two thousand years on a rock

Numidian capital, Roman city, seat of the beys, city of bridges. Constantine has changed its name and its rulers, never its cliff.

تاريخFrom Cirta to today
Cirta

Before Constantine, there was Cirta

Long before its bridges, the rock was a natural fortress: a plateau surrounded on three sides by the Rhumel canyon. The Numidians made it their royal city and called it Cirta, a name often traced back to an ancient word for "the city".

From here, Numidian kings ruled the lands between Carthage and Mauretania. Their coins, inscriptions and tombs still surface around Constantine, and many of them rest today in the Cirta National Museum.

Bronze medallion with the profile of King Masinissa wearing a laurel wreath
The founding king

Masinissa, the king who united Numidia

Born around 238 BC, Masinissa fought at the side of Rome against Carthage and played a decisive role at the battle of Zama in 202 BC. Afterwards he united the Numidian kingdoms and made Cirta his capital.

He reigned for more than half a century, encouraged farming and trade, and turned Cirta into one of the great cities of North Africa. A royal mausoleum at El Khroub, a few kilometres away, is often linked to his family.

A king of the land, a city of stone.

Timeline

Twenty-three centuries in nine chapters

3rd c.BC

Royal Cirta

The Numidian kings settle on the rock. Cirta becomes the heart of their kingdom.

202BC

Zama

Masinissa's cavalry helps defeat Hannibal. The king returns to rule a united Numidia from Cirta.

46BC

Roman Cirta

After Caesar's African war, Cirta enters the Roman world and leads a federation of colonies.

313AD

Constantina

Destroyed during a civil war, the city is rebuilt by Emperor Constantine and takes his name.

7th c.onward

Qusantina

Under successive Muslim dynasties the city grows as a centre of learning, trade and crafts.

1771to 1792

Salah Bey

The most celebrated bey of the East builds mosques and schools. The city mourns him for generations.

1837

The last Bey

Ahmed Bey defends the city to the end. His palace, finished just before, still stands in the centre.

1912

City of Bridges

Sidi M'Cid and Sidi Rached open the same year, stitching the rock to the plateaus around it.

2015

Capital of culture

Constantine is named Capital of Arab Culture, and its heritage is restored and celebrated.

Layers of time

Every era left a stone

Numidian foundations, Roman galleries, Ottoman palaces, European façades and modern mosques all share the same few square kilometres of rock.

Gilded clock and statues on a historic façade
Façades of the 1900s01
Clock tower at the end of a narrow street
The old town02
Winged Victory statue of the Monument aux Morts
Monument aux Morts03
Footbridge spanning the gorge
Over the gorge04
See it with your own eyes

Walk through 2,000 years in a single day

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